The working principle of CNC machine tools is: the computer in the CNC device performs a series of processing on the information recorded in the form of numerical and character encoding through the input device, and then executes the machine tool spindle and feed through the servo system and programmable controller. The mechanism issues instructions, and the machine tool body follows these instructions, and with the cooperation of the detection feedback device, automatically implements various actions required for workpiece processing, such as the motion trajectory of the tool relative to the workpiece, displacement amount, feed speed, etc. control to complete the processing of the workpiece.

The machining accuracy of CNC machine tools can generally reach 0.05-0.1MM. CNC machine tools are controlled in the form of digital signals. Every time the CNC device outputs a pulse signal, the moving parts of the machine tool move by a pulse equivalent (usually 0.001MM), and the machine tool progresses. The backlash of the transmission chain and the average error of the screw pitch can be compensated by the CNC device. Therefore, the positioning accuracy of the CNC machine tool is relatively high.

After the CNC machine tool is adjusted before processing, the program is input and started, and the machine tool can automatically and continuously process until the end of the processing. All the operator has to do is program input, editing, parts loading and unloading, tool preparation, processing status observation, parts inspection, etc. The labor intensity is greatly reduced, and the machine tool operator's labor tends to be intellectual work. In addition, machine tools are generally combined, which is both clean and safe.

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